Transport properties refer to the physical properties of a material that govern its ability to transport energy, momentum, or particles. These properties are essential for understanding the behavior of materials in various fields such as physics, chemistry, and engineering. Some of the key transport properties include thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, diffusivity, viscosity, and permeability. These properties determine how easily heat, electricity, mass, or momentum can be transferred through a material. Research in transport properties focuses on characterizing and understanding the mechanisms that govern these properties, as well as developing techniques to measure and manipulate them. This research is crucial for the design and optimization of materials for applications ranging from electronic devices to energy storage systems.